Mysakinah

Saturday, 2 April 2011

Tahajjud

http://www.iluvislam.com/english/islam/ibadah/441-tahajjud-virtues-and-way-of-performance.html

Tahajjud: Virtues And Way of Performance

Question:
Could you tell me how to pray Tahajjud (late night prayer)? Is there any supplication before starting and after finishing it according to Sunnah?

Answer:
In the Name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful. All praise and thanks are due to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon His Messenger.
Tahajjud prayer is part of the Sunnah of the Prophet PBUH which Muslims should follow all the time; it’s not something confined to Ramadan.
In his famous work, Fiqh As-Sunnah, Sheikh Sayyid Sabiq, elaborates on the subject as follows:
Ordering His Messenger to perform Salatul Tahajjud, Allah Almighty says:
“Tahajjud Prayer: Its excellence and merit, according to the Qur'an and Sunnah

وَمِنَ ٱلَّيۡلِ فَتَهَجَّدۡ بِهِۦ نَافِلَةً۬ لَّكَ عَسَىٰٓ أَن يَبۡعَثَكَ رَبُّكَ مَقَامً۬ا مَّحۡمُودً۬ا
“And some part of the night awake for prayer, a largess for thee. It may be that thy Lord will raise thee to a praised position.”(Al-Isra’: 79)

This order, although it was specifically directed to the Prophet, also refers to all Muslims, since the Prophet is a perfect example and guide for us in all matters.
Moreover, performing Tahajjud prayers regularly qualifies one as of the Righteous and earns one Allah's bounty and mercy. Allah says: "Lo! Those who keep from evil will dwell amid gardens and watersprings, taking that which their Lord gives them. For, lo, they were doers of good. They used to sleep but little of the night and before the dawning of each day would seek forgiveness.'' (Adh-Dhariyat:15-18)
In praising those who perform the late night prayers, Allah says: "The slaves of the Beneficent are they who walk upon the earth in humbleness, and when the ignorant address them, they say: 'Peace' and they who spend the night prostrating before their Lord and standing." (Al-Furqan: 63-64)

Next to these Qur’anic verses, there also exist a number of hadiths that reinforce the importance of Tahajjud:
`Abdullah ibn as-Salam reported: "When the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) came to Medinah, the people gathered around him and I was one of them. I looked at his face and understood that it was not the face of a liar. The first words I heard him say were: 'O people, spread the salutations, feed the people, keep the ties of kinship, and pray during the night while the others sleep and you will enter Paradise in peace."' This is related by al-Hakim, Ibn Majah, and at-Tirmizhi who considers it authentic and sound hadith.
Salman al-Farsi quoted the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) as saying: "Observe the night prayer, it was the practice of the righteous before you and it brings you closer to your Lord and it is penance for evil deeds and erases the sins and repels disease from the body."

Etiquettes of Tahajjud prayer
The following acts are recommended for one who wishes to perform the Tahajjud prayers:
1- Upon going to sleep, one should make the intention to perform the Tahajjud prayers. Abu ad-Darda' quoted the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) as saying: "Whoever goes to his bed with the intention of getting up and praying during the night, but, being overcome by sleep, fails to do that, he will have recorded for him what he has intended, and his sleep will be reckoned as a charity (an act of mercy) for him from his Lord." This is related by an-Nasa'i and ibn Majah through the authentic chain of narrators.
2- On waking up, one should wipe one's face, use a tooth brush, and look to the sky and make the supplication which has been reported from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): "O Allah! There is no god but Thee, Glory be to Thee, I seek Thy forgiveness for my sins, and I ask for Your mercy. O Allah, increase my knowledge and let my heart not swerve after You have guided me, and bestow mercy upon me from Thyself. All praise be to Allah who has given us back life after our death and unto Him is the resurrection."
Then, one should recite the last ten verses of Surat Al `Imran starting with, “Behold! in the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the alternation of night and day,- there are indeed Signs for men of understanding.” Then one should say, "O Allah, to You belongs the praise. You are the Light of the heavens and the earth and what is therein. And to You belongs the praise. You are the truth and Your promise is true. Meeting with You is true; the Paradise is true, the Fire is true. The Prophets are true, and Muhammad is true and the Hour is true ! O Allah, to You have I submitted, in You have I believed, in You have I put my trust, to You have I turned, by You I argue and to You do I turn for my decisions. Forgive me of my former and latter sins, and those done in private and those done in public. You are Allah, there is no god besides Thee."
3- One should begin Tahajjud with two quick rak`ahs and then one may pray whatever one wishes after that. `A’ishah said: "When the Prophet prayed during the late-night, he would begin his prayers with two quick rak`ahs." Both of these reports are related by Muslim.
4- One should wake up one's family for Tahajjud. Abu Hurairah quoted the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), as saying: "May Allah bless the man who gets up during the night to pray and wakes up his wife and who, if she refuses to get up, sprinkles water on her face. And may Allah bless the woman who gets up during the night to pray and wakes up her husband and who, if he refuses, sprinkles water on his face." The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) also said: "If a man wakes his wife and prays during the night or they pray two rak`ahs together, they will be recorded among those (men and women) who (constantly) make remembrance of Allah." This is related by Abu Dawud and others through an authentic chain of narrators.
5-If one gets sleepy while performing Tahajjud one should sleep. This is due to the hadith narrated by `A’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) as she quoted Allah’s Messenger as saying: "When one of you gets up during the night for prayer and his Qur'anic recital gets mixed up to the extent that he does not know what he says, he should lie down." This is related by Muslim.

Recommended time for Tahajjud
Tahajjud may be performed in the early part of the night, the middle part of the night, or the latter part of the night, but after the obligatory salatul `Isha’ (Evening prayer).
While describing the Prophet’s way of performing prayer, Anas said: "If we wanted to see him praying during the night, we could see him praying. If we wanted to see him sleeping during the night, we could see him sleeping. And sometimes he would fast for so many days that we thought he would not leave fasting throughout that month. And sometimes he would not fast (for so many days) that we thought he would not fast during that month." This is related by Ahmad, al-Bukhari, and an-Nasa'i.
Commenting on this subject, Ibn Hajar says: "There was no specific time in which the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would perform his late night prayer; but he used to do whatever was easiest for him."

Best time for Tahajjud
It is best to delay this prayer to the last third portion of the night. Abu Hurairah quoted that the Messenger of Allah, as saying: "Our Lord descends to the lowest heaven during the last third of the night, inquiring: 'Who will call on Me so that I may respond to him? Who is asking something of Me so I may give it to him? Who is asking for My forgiveness so I may forgive him?"'This is related by the group.
`Amr ibn Abasah reported that he heard the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) saying: "The closest that a slave comes to his Lord is during the middle of the latter portion of the night. If you can be among those who remember Allah, the Exalted One, at that time then do so."

The number of rak`ahs to be performed during Tahajjud
Tahajjud prayer does not entail a specific number of rak`ahs which must be performed nor is there any maximum limit which has to be performed. It would be fulfilled even if one just prayed one rak`ah of Witr after the `Isha’.
Samurah ibn Jundub said: "The Messenger of Allah ordered us to pray during the night, a little or a lot, and to make the last of the prayer the Witr prayer." This is related by at-Tabarani and al-Bazzar. Anas quoted Allah’s Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), as saying: "Prayer in my mosque is equal to ten thousand prayers [elsewhere]. And prayer in the Sacred Mosque is equivalent to one hundred thousand prayers [elsewhere]. And prayer in the battlefield is equivalent to one million prayers [elsewhere]. And what is more than all of that is two rak`ahs performed by a servant [of Allah] during the middle of the night." . This is reported by Abu ash-Shaikh, Ibn Hibban in his work ath-Thawab, and al-Munzhiri, in his book at-Targhib watTarhib, is silent about it.”

Allah Almighty knows best.

Source: http://www.islamawareness.net

Graphic source: Google.com

Wednesday, 16 February 2011

Khalifah ar-Rasyidin _Ali bin Abi Thalib

Ref:

http://www.facebook.com/update_security_info.php?wizard=1#!/note.php?note_id=140758632637973&id=162251950474323

Nama dan Nasab beliau:
Nama Ali bin Abi Thalib bin Abdul Muththalib bin Hasyim. Abu Thalib adalah saudara kandung Abdullah bin Abdul Muththalib, ayah baginda Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam. Jadi Ali bin Abi Thalib adalah saudara sepupu Nabi shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam. Beliau dijuluki Abul Hasan dan Abu Turab.
Semenjak kecil beliau hidup diasuh oleh Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam, karena ayahnya terlalu banyak beban dan tugas yang sangat banyak dan juga banyak keluarga yang harus dinafkahi, sedangkan Abu Thalib hanya memiliki sedikit harta semenjak Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam masih anak-anak.
Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam mengasuhnya sebagai balas budi terhadap pamannya, Abu Thalib yang telah mengasuh beliau ketika beliau tidak punya bapak dan ibu serta kehilangan kakek tercintanya, Abdul Muththalib.
Ali bin Abi Thalib masuk Islam:
Mayoritas ahli sejarah Islam menganggap bahwa Ali bin Abi Thalib radhiyallahu ‘anhu adalah orang kedua yang masuk Islam setelah Khadijah radhiyallahu ‘anha, di mana usia beliau saat itu masih berkisar antara 10 dan 11 tahun. Ini adalah suatu kehormatan dan kemuliaan bagi beliau, di mana beliau hidup bersama Nabi shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam dan terdepan memeluk Islam. Bahkan beliau adalah orang pertama yang melakukan shalat berjamaah bersama Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam, sebagaimana ditulis oleh al-Askari (penulis kitab al-Awa`il).
Sifat fisik dan kepribadian beliau:
Beliau adalah sosok yang memiliki tubuh yang kekar dan lebar, padat berisi dengan postur tubuh yang tidak tinggi, perut besar, warna kulit sawo matang, berjenggot tebal berwarna putih seperti kapas, kedua matanya sangat tajam, murah senyum, berwajah tam-pan, dan memiliki gigi yang bagus, dan bila berjalan sangat cepat.
Ali bin Abi Thalib radhiyallahu ‘anhu adalah sosok manusia yang hidup zuhud dan sederhana, memakai pakaian seadanya dan tidak terikat dengan corak atau warna tertentu. Pakaian beliau berbentuk sarung yang tersimpul di atas pusat dan menggantung sampai setengah betis, dan pada bagian atas tubuh beliau adalah rida’ (selendang) dan bahkan pakaian bagian atas beliau bertambal. Beliau juga selalu mengenakan kopiah putih buatan Mesir yang dililit dengan surban.
Ali bin Abi Thalib juga suka memasuki pasar, menyuruh para pedagang bertakwa kepada Allah dan menjual dengan cara yang ma`ruf.
Beliau menikahi Fatimah az-Zahra putri Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam dan dikarunia dua orang putra, yaitu al-Hasan dan al-Husain.
Ali bin Abi Thalib radhiyallahu ‘anhu adalah sosok pejuang yang pemberani dan heroik, pantang mundur, tidak pernah takut mati dalam membela dan menegakkan kebenaran. Keberanian beliau dicatat di dalam sejarah, sebagai berikut:
a) Ketika Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam ingin berhijrah ke Madinah pada saat rumah beliau dikepung di malam hari oleh sekelompok pemuda dari berbagai utusan kabilah Arab untuk membunuh Nabi, Nabi menyuruh Ali bin Abi Thalib shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam tidur di tempat tidur beliau dengan mengenakan selimut milik beliau. Di sini Ali bin Abi Thalib benar-benar mempertaruhkan nyawanya demi Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam, dengan penuh tawakal kepada Allah Ta’ala.
Keesokan harinya, Ali disuruh menunjukkan keberadaan Nabi shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam, namun beliau menjawab tidak tahu, karena beliau hanya disuruh untuk tidur di tempat tidurnya. Lalu beliau disiksa dan digiring ke Masjidil Haram dan di situ beliau ditahan beberapa saat, lalu dilepas.
b) Beliau kemudian pergi berhijrah ke Madinah dengan berjalan kaki sendirian, menempuh jarak yang sangat jauh tanpa alas kaki, sehingga kedua kakinya bengkak dan penuh luka-luka setibanya di Madinah.
c) Ali bin Abi Thalib terlibat dalam semua peperangan di masa Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam, selain perang Tabuk, karena saat itu beliau ditugasi menjaga kota Madinah. Di dalam peperangan-peperangan tersebut beliau sering kali ditugasi melakukan perang tanding (duel) sebelum peperangan sesungguhnya dimulai. Dan semua musuh beliau berhasil dilumpuhkan dan tewas. Dan beliau juga menjadi pemegang panji Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam.
Keutamaan Ali bin Abi Thalib radhiayallahu ‘anhu:
Keutamaan Ali bin Abi Thalib radhiyallahu ‘anhu sangat banyak sekali. Selain yang telah disebutkan di atas, masih banyak lagi keutamaan dan keistimewaan beliau. Berikut ini di antaranya:
-Ali adalah manusia yang benar-benar dicintai Allah dan RasulNya.
Pada waktu perang Khaibar, Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam bersabda, “Bendera ini sungguh akan saya berikan kepada seseorang yang Allah memberikan kemenangan melalui dia, dia mencintai Allah dan RasulNya, dan dia dicintai Allah dan RasulNya.” Maka pada malam harinya, para sahabat ribut membicarakan siapa di antara mereka yang akan mendapat kehormatan membawa bendera tersebut. Dan keesokan harinya para sahabat datang menuju Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam, masing-masing berharap diserahi bendera. Namun beliau bersabda, “Mana Ali bin Abi Thalib?” Mereka menjawab, “Matanya sakit, ya Rasulullah.” Lalu Rasulullah menyuruh untuk menjemputnya dan Ali pun datang. Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam menyemburkan ludahnya kepada kedua mata Ali dan mendoakannya. Dan Ali pun sembuh seakan-akan tidak pernah terkena penyakit. Lalu beliau memberikan bendera kepadanya. Ali berkata, “Ya Rasulullah, aku memerangi mereka hingga mereka menjadi seperti kita.” Beliau menjawab, “Majulah dengan tenang sampai kamu tiba di tempat mereka, kemudian ajaklah mereka masuk Islam dan sampaikan kepada mereka hak-hak Allah yang wajib mereka tunaikan. Demi Allah, sekiranya Allah memberikan hidayah kepada seorang manusia melalui dirimu, sungguh lebih baik bagimu dari pada unta-unta merah.” (HR. Muslim, no. 2406).
-Jiwa juang Ali sangat melekat di dalam kalbunya, sehingga ketika Rasulullah ingin berangkat pada perang Tabuk dan memerintah Ali agar menjaga Madinah, Ali merasa keberatan sehingga mengatakan, “Apakah engkau meninggalkan aku bersama kaum perempuan dan anak-anak?”
Namun Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam justru menunjukkan kedudukan Ali yang sangat tinggi seraya bersabda, “Apakah engkau tidak ridha kalau kedudukanmu di sisiku seperti kedudukan Harun di sisi Musa, hanya saja tidak ada kenabian sesudahku.” (HR. al-Bukhari dan Muslim).
-Beliau juga adalah salah satu dari sepuluh orang yang telah mendapat “busyra biljannah” (berita gembira sebagai penghuni surga), sebagaimana dinyatakan di dalam hadits yang diriwayatkan oleh al-Hakim di dalam al-Mustadrak.
-Nabi shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam telah menyatakan kepada Ali radhiyallahu ‘anhu, “bahwa tidak ada yang mencintainya kecuali seorang Mukmin dan tidak ada yang membencinya, kecuali orang munafik.” (HR. Muslim)
-Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam juga pernah bersabda kepada Ali radhiyallahu ‘anhu,
أَنْتَ مِنِّيْ وَأَنَا مِنْكَ.
“Engkau adalah bagian dariku dan aku adalah bagian darimu.” (HR. al-Bukhari).
-Beliau juga sangat dikenal dengan kepandaian dan ketepatan dalam memecahkan berbagai masalah yang sangat rumit sekalipun, dan beliau juga seorang yang memiliki `abqariyah qadha’iyah (kejeniusan dalam pemecahan ketetapan hukum) dan dikenal sangat dalam ilmunya. (Lihat: Aqidah Ahlussunnah fi ash-Shahabah, jilid I, halaman 283).
Ali bin Abi Thalib menjadi Khalifah:
Ketika Ali bin Abi Thalib diangkat menjadi khalifah keempat, situasi dan suasana kota Madinah sangat mencekam, dikuasai oleh para pemberontak yang telah menodai tanah suci Madinah dengan melakukan pembunuhan secara keji terhadap Khalifah ketiga, Uts-man bin ‘Affan radhiyallahu ‘anhu.
Ali bin Abi Thalib dalam pemerintahannya benar-benar menghadapi dilema besar yang sangat rumit, yaitu:
1) Kaum pemberontak yang jumlahnya sangat banyak dan menguasai Madinah.
2) Terbentuknya kubu penuntut penegakan hukum terhadap para pemberontak yang telah membunuh Utsman bin ‘Affan, yang kemudian melahirkan perang saudara, perang Jamal dan Shiffin.
3) Kaum Khawarij yang dahulunya adalah para pendukung dan pembela beliau kemudian berbalik memerangi beliau.
Namun dengan kearifan dan kejeniusan beliau dalam menyikapi berbagai situasi dan mengambil keputusan, beliau dapat mengakhiri pertumpahan darah itu melalui albitrasi (tahkim), sekalipun umat Islam pada saat itu masih belum bersatu secara penuh.
Abdurrahman bin Muljam, salah seorang pentolan Khawarij memendam api kebencian terhadap Ali bin Abi Thalib, karena dianggap telah menghabisi rekan-rekannya yang seakidah, yaitu kaum Khawarij di Nahrawan. Maka dari itu ia melakukan makar bersama dua orang rekannya yang lain, yaitu al-Barak bin Abdullah dan Amr bin Bakar at-Tamimi, untuk menghabisi Ali, Mu’awiyah dan Amr bin al-’Ash, karena dia anggap sebagai biang keladi pertumpahan darah.
Al-Barak dan Amr gagal membunuh Mu’awiyah dan Amr bin al-’Ash, sedangkan Ibnu Muljam berhasil mendaratkan pedangnya di kepala Amirul Mukminin, Ali bin Abi Thalib, pada dini hari Jum’at, 17 Ramadhan, tahun 40 H. dan beliau wafat keesokan hari-nya.

Prophet Muhammad SAW